Zero Trust with Minimus: Hardened Images for a Secure Foundation

By
Patrick Maddox
February 18, 2026
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Zero Trust is often discussed in terms of networks and runtime access controls, but modern attacks rarely begin there. Today’s most damaging breaches originate upstream in compromised build pipelines, poisoned dependencies, or unverified artifacts.

Applying Zero Trust principles to Minimus hardened container images extends the model beyond runtime enforcement and into the software supply chain itself. Trust is not placed in the network, the registry, or even the build system by default. Instead, every artifact is continuously verified from source to runtime using identity, provenance, and policy.

Minimus images are designed for high-assurance environments, including FedRAMP-authorized and air-gapped clusters. Our SLSA Level 3–aligned build system provides a concrete foundation for implementing Zero Trust where it matters most: where software is produced, verified, and promoted.

What Zero Trust Really Means for Software

Zero Trust is built on a simple premise: never assume trust, not based on location, credentials, or prior success.

In a software context, this translates to:

  • Never trusting source inputs by default
  • Never trusting the build environment implicitly
  • Never assuming an artifact is safe because it “passed CI”
  • Never assuming a container behaves as expected at runtime

Instead, every identity, process, and artifact is explicitly verified and continuously revalidated.

In containerized platforms, Zero Trust means:

  • Verifying images before they run
  • Restricting what they can do while they run
  • Detecting drift or tampering after they start

Zero Trust Starts with the Build System: How Minimus Helps

A Zero Trust Architecture collapses if the build system itself is trusted implicitly. That is why Minimus anchors its approach in a SLSA Level 3 build model, where the build environment, inputs, and outputs are all verifiable.

Verified Source Provenance (Never Trust Inputs)

Every Minimus image is built directly from upstream source, not from opaque or precompiled artifacts. This allows teams to:

  • Trace every component back to its authoritative origin
  • Validate that no unauthorized dependencies are introduced
  • Prove what went into an image, not just what came out

This aligns directly with Zero Trust’s core principle: trust is earned through evidence, not assumption.

Isolated, Verifiable Builds (Assume Breach)

Minimus images are produced in a secure, isolated build environment that meets SLSA Level 3 requirements:

  • Builds are fully scripted and reproducible
  • The build system is isolated from developers and downstream environments
  • Artifacts are generated in a controlled, auditable process

By assuming the build environment itself could be targeted, Minimus eliminates implicit trust and replaces it with verifiable guarantees.

Cryptographic Identity for Every Artifact (Verify Explicitly)

In a Zero Trust model, containers are not “just images”, they are identities.

Minimus images support:

These properties allow platforms to enforce policies such as:

  • Only images signed by Minimus may run
  • Only images with approved SBOM contents may be promoted
  • Only artifacts built by a verified pipeline are trusted

This shifts trust from registries and tags to cryptographic proof , supporting Zero Trust’s verify explicitly principle.

Enforcing Zero Trust at Runtime with Minimal Images

Zero Trust does not end at build time. Runtime enforcement is strongest when artifacts are intentionally constrained.

Least Privilege by Construction

Minimus images are minimal and distroless by design:

  • No shells
  • No package managers
  • No unused OS components

This dramatically reduces the attack surface. When combined with

  • Non-root execution
  • Dropped Linux kernel capabilities

…the image itself becomes a Zero Trust control, not just a deployment unit, because it is built with only the minimum required functionality and privileges from the start.

Micro-segmentation and Blast Radius Reduction

Zero Trust assumes compromise.

Using Kubernetes network policies or tools like Calico, Minimus-based workloads can be isolated so that:

  • Internal traffic is not implicitly trusted
  • Lateral movement is restricted
  • Compromise impact is contained

The network becomes an enforcement layer rather than a trust boundary, reinforcing Zero Trust by treating all traffic as untrusted and continuously verified.

Continuous Runtime Verification

Because Minimus images are immutable, any deviation is suspicious.

Zero Trust monitoring should flag:

  • Unexpected filesystem changes
  • Unauthorized outbound connections
  • Process behavior outside the expected profile

In a minimal image, signal-to-noise is high, making Zero Trust monitoring both practical and effective.

Secrets and Identity: Trust Nothing at Rest

Zero Trust forbids embedded secrets.

Minimus images are designed to work with external secret managers so that:

  • Credentials are injected at runtime
  • Access is time-bound and scoped
  • Secrets never persist in the image

This enforces Just-In-Time access and eliminates a common breach vector.

Operationalizing Zero Trust for Minimus Images

Zero Trust only works when enforced automatically across both runtime and development workflows.

Zero Trust Controls Checklist

  1. Scan and Gate
    Enforce vulnerability and policy gates in CI/CD. Images that fail never ship.
  2. Private Registries
    Store Minimus images in controlled registries with strict pull permissions.
  3. Audit Everything
    Log image creation, signing, pulls, and execution for traceability and forensics.

Key Controls in Development

Applying Zero Trust to Minimus development means security begins before runtime, inside the pipeline.

  1. Supply Chain Security
    • Use vetted, minimal base images
    • Enforce SBOM-based policy checks
    • Reject unauthorized dependencies automatically
  2. Pipeline Isolation
    • Ephemeral build runners
    • Restricted network egress
    • No persistent credentials
  3. Identity-Based Access
    • OIDC instead of static secrets
    • Scoped roles per pipeline stage
  4. Policy-as-Code & Continuous Rebuilds
    • Enforce non-root and capability rules automatically
    • Rebuild continuously as upstream patches land

Only verified artifacts move through the pipeline into production, with validation at every step instead of relying on assumptions. When images are built to be verifiable and policy-ready from the start, Zero Trust becomes much easier to operationalize across the entire lifecycle.

Zero Trust with Minimus: From Principle to Proof

Zero Trust can sound abstract. In practice, it is simple: Do not assume. Verify.

Minimus makes Zero Trust easier by shrinking the trust surface:

  • Fewer components
  • Verifiable SLSA Level 3 builds
  • Signed artifacts
  • Transparent provenance

With a smaller, verifiable foundation, every image, build, and workload becomes easier to validate, enforce, and trust. Get started with Minimus to see how Zero Trust begins at the image level.

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Patrick Maddox
VP Solutions Architecture
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